Iran has successfully placed three domestically developed Earth observation satellites — Paya (Tolou-3), Zafar-2, and Kowsar (1.5) — into orbit. this mission represents a structural shift in Iran’s space capabilities, particularly in Earth observation, data sovereignty, and independent access to geospatial intelligence. Orbital Status and Mission Phase Following orbital injection, ground control stations confirmed stable telemetry, power generation, attitude control, and communications across all three satellites.
